PPARA and ischemia: Additionally, a recent study on testicular dysfunction in a testicular ischemia-reperfusion rat model reported that early intervention of Semaglutide (another GLP-1 agonist) attenuated testicular dysfunction by targeting the GLP-1–PPAR-α–Kisspeptin–Steroidogenesis signaling pathway where injecting exendin, a GLP1-R antagonist, before semaglutide abolished all the documented improvements [1].