APP and dementia: Treadmill exercise promotes E3 ubiquitin ligase to remove amyloid β and P-tau and improve cognitive ability in APP/PS1 transgenic mice (61), but the applicability in humans may have some variability in cognitive improvement due to the differences in exercise modality, intensity, frequency, and duration of study design; so, future research on the process of exercise therapy for cognitive improvement needs to describe more specific exercise modalities and find more accurate ways to mitigate the process of dementia (62).