For example, the high Bcl-2/Bax ratio usually contributes to apoptosis resistance and treatment failure in chemotherapy 82, since the overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins in Bcl-2 family can promote cancer cell to evade chemotherapy-mediated apoptosis, while the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins would facilitate cancer cell apoptosis for enhanced chemotherapeutic effect. The gene discussed is BAX; the disease is cancer.