Mishra observed that both in vitro and in vivo, long-term co-culture of breast cancer cell condition medium and hMSCs led to differentiation of hMSCs into a myofibroblast phenotype, with upregulation of α-SMA, vimentin, fibroblast surface protein, and stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1) (43). Here, CXCL12 is linked to breast carcinoma.