The first attempts at cell-specific nanocarrier targeting occurred in 1980, by conjugating an antibody or protein A to a liposome.122 Since then, various types of targeting moieties such as transferrin for blood–brain barrier passage, glucose for tumor targeting, and integrin for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to name a few, have been brought up.123–125 Of the many types of active targeting strategies proposed so far, we can largely classify the methods of targeting into two classes: ligand-mediated targeting and targeting via the physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticle. The gene discussed is TF; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.