IL32 and cancer: Studies have revealed that CAFs could transduce some cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, which in turn act on cells around them, including cancer cells, participating in the regulation of metastasis, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and etc. In previous reports, CAF-derived IL32 specifically could bind to integrin β3 on the cell surface, leading to activation of p38 MAPK pathway and further facilitating invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells [40].