TLR5 and lupus nephritis: We bred the transgene into Sle1.Yaa mice in which the Sle1 locus causes loss of B cell tolerance without clinical disease (Mohan et al, 1998) and the addition of the Y accelerator (Yaa) locus, a translocation of a portion of the X chromosome onto the Y chromosome, confers an extra copy of Tlr7 and induces pathogenic autoantibodies and lupus nephritis in Sle1.Yaa males (Morel et al, 2000).