The most common condition, the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), is associated with dominant, monoallelic mutations in six aaRSs genes (e.g.,YARS1, MARS1, KARS1, WARS1, AARS1, GARS1, and HARS1). The gene discussed is MARS1; the disease is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.