LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: To define the genetic factors of obesity and its association with other disease, most studies examine neurotransmitter level, inflammation and endocrine systems etc. Obesity is associated with dysregulation of endocrine factors including a range of pituitary hormones, thyroid hormone, leptin, resistin [44] and key inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [45].