TNFRSF11B and viral infectious disease: Cytokines have multiple biological properties.12-14 Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 represents a cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties.15 Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is known for its protective role in bone resorption.16,17 IL-6 is one of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines,18 which release is induced by viral infections,19 trauma,20 and lipopolysaccharides (LPS).21 Monocyte chemotactic protein (CCL2/MCP-1) participates in monocyte chemotaxis and is, therefore, essential for osteoclast differentiation.