TNF and autoimmune uveitis: Studies have demonstrated increased levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the serum and aqueous humour of patients suffering with non-infectious autoimmune uveitis.5 Persistent, severe or long-term inflammation compelled the introduction of systemic immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) as a means to control the disease, prevent ocular structural damage and allow tapering of corticosteroids.