C3 and infection: To identify the gene(s) that determine tomato infection by ToLCNDV-In, we synthesized seven chimeric constructs by substituting genomic regions containing C1 (Rep), C2 (TrAP), C3 (REn), C4, V1 (CP), V2, and IR of ToLCNDV-In into the ToLCNDV-ES backbone (abbreviated as InIRES, InC1ES, InC2ES, InC3ES, InC4ES, InV1ES, and InV2ES).