One recent study demonstrated that curcumin administered during hypoxia can reduce retinal neovascularization and VEGF mRNA expression in oxygen-induced retinopathy mice in a dose-dependent manner, and in vitro experiments showed that curcumin decreased VEGF protein and mRNA levels similar in degree to ranibizumab, an anti-VEGF drug used to treat ROP (52, 53). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and retinopathy of prematurity.