Although hyperglycemia has been reported to increase prostate volume (24, 25), and lymphocytes, free/total prostate-specific antigen (26), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio have been associated with BPH (27), these did not analyze in detail or separately the relationship between prostate volume and hematological parameters. Here, KLK3 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.