To study the involvement of ASC in chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiency, we analyzed the frequencies of CD27- and CD27+ ASC in healthy individuals (HC) (n=10), patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) (n=5) and in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) (n=10), active Crohn’s disease (CD) (n=11), active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n=7) and active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n=6) (Figure 5). The gene discussed is CD27; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.