In a reperfusion mouse model and in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated primary mouse cardiomyocytes, Lei Cao et al. found that endoplasmic reticulum stress stimulates NLRP1 inflammasome activation by modulating NF-κB signaling activity, and that NLRP1 inactivation inhibits the cardiomyocyte injury induced by H/R.11 In a canine ischemia model, Wang M et al.13 reported that an increase in inflammation (caused by injection of IL-1) exacerbates ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias by modulating neuronal remodeling of the left stella ganglion. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is ischemia.