CIT and tuberculosis: Braian et al. (2013) hypothesized that NETs may play a vital role in the partnership between neutrophils and macrophages during granuloma formation in TB. Since NET-derived components like neutrophil-derived citrullinated histone H3 (cit-H3) or MMP-8 are elevated in samples from individuals with pulmonary TB (Ong et al., 2015; de Melo et al., 2019), NETs play a complex and context-dependent role in the TB pathogenesis, and this activity may also contribute to granuloma formation.