Otherwise, the transcription factor FOXC1 (Forkhead box C1 protein) mediates the activation of the SMO-independent Hedgehog signal by interacting and activating Gli2, thus inducing the activity of ALDH1 and promoting the self-renewal of CSCs in basal breast cancers (Han et al., 2015, 2016). The gene discussed is FOXC1; the disease is breast carcinoma.