Similarly, Pulshiper et al studied 70 patients and found that levels of S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12) were increased in CRSsNP compared to CRSwNP and were correlated to LMK-CT scores but not to the rhinosinusitis disability index, a quality of life score.58 Clear CRS inclusion criteria were not specified and healthy controls included patients with nasal obstruction with associated quality of life implications. The gene discussed is S100A12; the disease is chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps.