SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Lastly, considering the 1st shell interactors of ATF3 (i.e., the top 50 genes associated with ATF3 at an interaction score > 0.400 from the STRING dB), we found that an ALS SOD1G93A mutation carrier contributed mostly to the potentially impaired ATF3 signaling in ALS linked to SOD1 group (Fig. 3f).