CXCL12 and Lewy body dementia: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Lewy body dementia exhibits upregulated expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), as well as the CXCR4 ligand, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), in CD4+ T cells, which are associated with neuroaxonal damage9.