HIF1A and neoplasm: High concentrations of lactate within the anaerobic tumour environment activate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which subsequently suppresses the transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated expression of the macrophage-specific vacuolar ATPase subunit ATP6V0d2, which targets HIF-2α but not HIF-1α, for lysosome-mediated degradation [90].