Knocking down TGR5 expression abrogated the effect of LCA on M1 macrophages, as shown by the increased mRNA expression of Tnfα, Il12p40 and inos, increased numbers of F4/80+MHC II+ cells and enhanced secretion of TNFα and IL12P40 (Fig. 7I–K). Here, GPBAR1 is linked to Leber congenital amaurosis.