Regarding TNFα signaling via NF-κB in hepatocytes, in animal studies, Tnf KO mouse was protected from NAFLD (Kakino et al, 2017), Nfkb1 KO mouse exacerbated NAFLD (Locatelli et al, 2012), and Il1r1 KO mouse had less hepatic triacylglycerol (Roos et al, 2009). Here, TNF is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.