TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: We searched the literature for indications that core genes cause NAFLD or serve as biomarkers for NAFLD, and found such evidence for a significant portion of the core genes (see below): for the TNFα signaling via NF-κB process, four of five in hepatocytes, four of eight in endothelial cells, and one of three in macrophages; for steroid metabolism, three of nine in hepatocytes; and for semaphorin–plexin signaling, three of seven in stellate cells.