Regarding TNFα signaling via NF-κB in endothelial cells, in animal studies, Pecam1 KO mouse developed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (Goel et al, 2007), whereas Tlr4 KO mouse (Zhang et al, 2020) and Il15 KO mouse (Cepero-Donates et al, 2016) were protected from NAFLD. Here, IL15 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.