TGFB1 and neoplasm: Interestingly, TGF-β treatment resulted in suppresses average length of cilia by upregulating histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity [38] and regulating Ift88 gene expression at least in part via posttranscriptional manner [39].Conversely, SMAD7, the feedback inhibitor of TGFβ signaling, which localize to ciliary base and restrain excessive signaling from primary cilium [29] had been proposed to limit ARL6-mediated ciliary localization of TGFβ receptors and suppress tumor cell migration and invasion by restricting cross-talk between TGFβ receptors and SMO in HH signaling [32].