Several evidences supported the relevance in melanoma progression and response to therapy of chemokines induced by Bcl-xL in this study: we previously reported Bcl-xL-mediated secretion of IL-8 with consequent promotion of aggressiveness [29, 38]; aberrant expression of IL-1β promotes inflammation, invasion, migration and growth as well as the stemness [39–41]; CCL5 is secreted by melanoma cells and is related to tumorigenesis and progression, and affects tumor immune responses [42–44]; and inhibition of MCSF shows anti-tumor efficacy [45, 46]. Here, CCL5 is linked to neoplasm.