Unsurprisingly, several pathways associated with the response to IFN-γ were significantly activated in the CeD group, while metabolism-related pathways, including lipid metabolism and mineral absorption, were downregulated in CeD according to the GO and KEGG analyses (Fig. 2C, D, Additional file 5: Table S2, S3). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is cranioectodermal dysplasia.