CD274 and neoplasm: In this study, we aimed to: (1) investigate the safety and feasibility of neoadjuvant PD-L1 blockade, and compare recurrence-free survival (RFS) and OS with standard-of-care nCT/nCRT from our CMISG1701 study;2 (2) collect clinical and biological evidence to interpret the impact of anti-PD-L1 therapy on tumor regression and TME; (3) identify key molecular features and immune landscape patterns to characterize patients sensitive/resistant to immunotherapy; and (4) define the dynamic, yet nuanced changes occurring in TME during neoadjuvant adebrelimab blockade (briefly named nAde).