CRP and COVID-19: Specifically, the higher PPI-hub score implied the shorter hospitalizations and less ventilator, while the COVID-19-severity-related information, including acute physiologic assessment and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, and laboratory measurements of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin, lactate and procalcitonin, claimed a negative correlation with ssGSEA score of PPI-hub (Fig. 2D).