While there have been many exciting studies characterizing a wide variety of coreceptors and signaling functions of GRP78 at the cell surface (16, 18, , –21, 57, 58), with clinical applications in antibody–drug conjugates and CAR T-therapeutics for tumor-specific targeting (59, 60), few studies have described the functions of GRP78 in the nucleus. Here, HSPA5 is linked to neoplasm.