TF and uremia: STUB1 plays an important role in TF degradation, which ubiquitinated and degraded TF in uremia environment.42 Dietary tryptophan-induced downregulation of STUB1 led to retarded TF degradation, which enhanced exogenous coagulation pathways.49 In addition, indoxyl sulfate and indole-3-acetic acid (two kinds of dietary tryptophan) could induce oxidative stress and inflammation, which also promoted platelet activation.41,43 Phenylalanine/tyrosine includes phenylacetylglutamine, p-cresol sulfate, and p-cresol glucuronide.