Because the AhR-STUB1-TF axis played important roles in promoting thrombosis (Table 2), blocking the AhR-STUB1-TF axis has been shown to effectively improve hypercoagulable state without increasing the risk of bleeding in patients with CKD.49 Targeting the AhR-STUB1-TF axis to develop anticoagulants may avoid the bleeding risk comes from DOACs, which is a direction worth making efforts in the future. Here, STUB1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.