Halpern and associates have shown that suspicious DRE was an independent risk factor for detecting clinically significant PCa across all PSA levels in a large trial including 35,350 men who underwent DRE in the screening arm of the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial, which considered Gleason score ≥7 as clinically significant PCa; moreover, investigators concluded that DRE demonstrated prognostic usefulness for PSA >3 ng/mL [8]. Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.