Indeed, the hepatitis C virus involves thesignal transduction of EGFR and actively induces activation of thispathway during HCV binding and infection149,150 and prolongs EGFR signal transduction by interrupting the degradationof EGFR through NS5A, as described by its ectopic expression.151 This can result in an increased threat of HCCin infected patients because continuous signaling of EGFR is a leadingfactor in hepatic disease.143 The transforminggrowth factor-β (TGFβ) of cytokine dimers of the superfamilywith a pleiotropic and conserved structure. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is liver disorder.