The levels of TNF-α and NF-κB under similar conditions decreased by 11 and 30.8%, respectively, compared to healthy controls (p ≤ 0.05), but had a slight increase in both groups by 14.3 and 18.7%, respectively, compared to patients with OA, who did not suffer from COVID-19 (p ≤ 0.001 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively; Figures 1C, D). Here, TNF is linked to COVID-19.