Of note, lipoprotein-associated lipid levels are also lower in participant 7, a patient with NAFLD who is homozygous for the PNPLA3 rs738409 variant (PNPLA3-MM), which has been linked to a relative reduction in large VLDL secretion22 (Figs. S2A and S3F). The gene discussed is PNPLA3; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.