Autophagy induced by TLR4 or TLR3 activation augments the production of various cytokines such as IL6, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL20/MIP-3α, and VEGFA by promoting TNF receptor-associated factor 6 ubiquitination, which ultimately drives lung cancer progression (Zhan et al., 2014). The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is lung carcinoma.