Moreover, a previous study showed that MAC-induced chondrocytes produced more inflammatory and degradative molecules, which were colocalized with matrix metalloprotease 13 (MMP-13) and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) around chondrocytes in human osteoarthritic cartilage, which plays a critical role in OA synovial fluid in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (60). Here, MMP13 is linked to osteoarthritis.