Various immunogenic factors during apoptosis of tumor cell have been identified to stimulate optimal antigen presentation to the effector T-cells such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), calreticulin (CRT, a cell surface pre-apoptotic marker), ATP, and heat shock protein (HSP), and high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB-1, a post-apoptotic protein), etc. (86). Here, CALR is linked to neoplasm.