As shown in Figure 1, the absolute numbers of IFN-γ+CD4+, IFN-γ+CD8+, TNF-α+CD4+, IL17A+CD4+ T cells and TNF-α+CD14+ monocytes in the HT group were significantly lower than that in the TB (p<0.001, p=0.001, p<0.001, p=0.001 and p=0.007) and HIV group (p<0.001, p=0.001, p<0.001, p=0.039 and p<0.001), which might be associated with the significantly lower CD4 and CD8 counts caused by HIV/TB co-infection. Here, TNF is linked to tuberculosis.