TNF and Parkinson disease: Also, we determined Sb’s impact on the striatal DA content, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial function, cytokine production such as interleukin (IL)-6, -10, -4, -1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and fractalkine ligand levels in the PD’s murine model.