PFKFB3 and diabetes mellitus: Using a combination of ssGSEA scores and expression attributes, the clustering modules between the kidney stones cohort and the normal cohort were compared, as depicted in Fig. 10B. The correlation between the class modules and IL11 is presented in Fig. 10C, where it was found that Cluster 9 exhibited the strongest association to IL11, as shown in Fig. 10D. Through an intersection of common genes from kidney stones with diabetes and the Cluster 9 module genes, we identified PROM1, TFPI2, and PFKFB3 as core genes related to IL11 expression in kidney stones (Fig. 10E).