The excess glucose in diabetic patients promotes the generation of AGEs, which bind to specific receptors on the cell membrane, induce the release of large amounts of ROS, activate NF-кB, and then initiate the transcription of TNF-α, IL-6, and other inflammatory factors, eventually leading to vascular endothelial cell damage and smooth muscle cell proliferation and promoting cardiac fibrosis in DCM [62]. Here, TNF is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.