TNF and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: The levels of the specific TAMs molecular markers HLA-DR and CD163 were increased after co-cultured with ZIC2-overexpressing NPC cells (Fig. 2E), accompanied by the induction of the secretion of M2 phenotype cytokines, such as TGF-β and related surface marker ARG-1, and a reduction in M1 phenotype cytokines, such as TNF-α (Fig. 2 and Supplemental Fig. 2), indicating an important role for ZIC2 in the polarization of macrophages in NPC.