In our study, inhibiting JUNB reduced the secretion of MCSF and the development of M2 phenotypes TAMs in macrophages cocultured with NPC cells overexpressing ZIC2 (Fig. 4), suggesting that ZIC2 directly binds to the JUNB promoter to induce JUNB expression and thus promotes MCSF secretion and M2 phenotype macrophage polarization in NPC. Here, CSF1 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.