GOLPH3 and neoplasm: GOLPH3 has been identified as a novel oncogene protein that plays a key role in cell proliferation and tumor progression by regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways [27]; GOLPH3 is upregulated in many solid human tumors [18, 24, 25, 27–29].