In addition, expression of the antimicrobial peptide–encoding gene Lcn2 was higher in +P-activated fibroblasts and was previously found to be induced in the lesional skin of patients with acne and in response to intradermal injection of C. acnes in mice (Kelhälä et al., 2014; O’Neill et al., 2022). Here, LCN2 is linked to acne.