Intra-brain vascular dysregulation has been reported to occur earlier than other pathologic events including amyloid-β deposition and hyperphosphorylation of tau during AD development (38), and more than 80% of aged participants show morphological substrates of cerebrovascular disease in addition to AD pathology (7), indicating the importance of SVD in both AD and vascular dementia. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is vascular dementia.