IL1A and varicocele: Sahin et al. studied the effect of varicocele on the levels of IL-1α and IL-1 β proteins in testicular tissue in an experimental rat model, and it caused testicular damage, especially in 11- and 13-week varicocele-induced rat groups, and IL-1α expression with the progression of varicocele, transiently increased IL-1β expression in Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, spermatids and Leydig cells was observed in Leydig cells in sham-operated rats.