IL1B and infection: Moretti et al. investigated whether semen features in different clinical infertility diagnoses are associated with PMN elastase, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1b, and TNFa levels detected in seminal plasma, and idiopathic infertility (group I), infectious varicocele (group II), varicocele (group III), infections (group IV), and controls (group V) on 68 patients.