Moretti et al. investigated whether semen features in different clinical infertility diagnoses are associated with PMN elastase, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1b, and TNFa levels detected in seminal plasma, and idiopathic infertility (group I), infectious varicocele (group II), varicocele (group III), infections (group IV), and controls (group V) on 68 patients. Here, TNF is linked to infection.