A dramatic consequence of this “cytokine storm” is invariably acute lung injury (ALI), clinically characterized by ARDS with exponentially elevated systemic levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), along with a systemic inflammatory response characterized by hypotension, organ hypoperfusion, fever with increased heart rate, and altered mental status [12, 13]. Here, TNF is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.