Gastritis, pancreatitis, chronic liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and other digestive diseases infected were often accompanied by inflammation and caused elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and myostatin (22, 45, 46). Here, TNF is linked to irritable bowel syndrome.