NFKB1 and infection: Our sampling could be too early to detect an activation of the nfκb pathway or as, mentioned by Ventura and Paperna 1985: the carp species is, compared to other fish species infected with I. multifiliis, the only one reacting with an intense cellular infiltration of the epithelial layer during the early stage of infection (Ventura and Paperna, 1985).